Innovative technological strategies in the surface treatment of Medieval glazed ceramics

This study examines fine tableware from southern Italy between the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, focusing on the introduction and diffusion of lead- and lead-tin-glazed coatings as a major technological innovation. Archaeological and archaeometric data are combined to reconstruct technological practices and exchange networks, with emphasis on Protomaiolica, the precursor of Maiolica. The characterization of glazes and decorative techniques provides important insights into technological developments, cultural interaction, and trade routes within the Mediterranean koinè. The most evident outcome is the remarkable creativity and experimentation in materials and manufacturing technologies demonstrated by medieval potters—who were nonetheless influenced by external traditions. Indeed, while on the one hand there is evidence of the deliberate use of precious raw materials, unavailable locally, for high-quality production intended for the imperial court, on the other hand, innovative and diversified technological expedients were adopted to replace costly and hard-to-find resources.