Neighborhood Change in Metropolitan America, 1990 to 2010

Using k-means cluster analysis and discriminant analysis, this study systematically examines the trajectories of neighborhood change at the census tract level between 1990 and 2010 for all metropolitan and micropolitan areas of the United States. Seven types of neighborhoods are identified using a visualization technique of clustergram and other statistical tests. A sequence of neighborhood change has been identified. This research reveals the primarily stable nature of neighborhoods and the polarization of inequality in neighborhoods. Understanding changes that are not within the category of either downgrading or upgrading is very important for policy makers and practitioners in providing appropriate local services, support, or opportunities for the residents.