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, a limit of detection of 1.67 μM, and a limit of quantification of 5 μM, along with good repeatability, selectivity, and operational stability over 30 days. Method validation was carried out using pharmaceutical products (topical suspensions, topical gels, injectable suspension, and eye drops) and animal biological samples (cow milk, cow urine and pig urine) containing CAP, yielding satisfactory analytical performance despite the complexity of the matrices and confirming the applicability of the proposed platform for real-sample analysis. These results demonstrate the potential of POPs as effective electrode modifiers for electrochemical sensors.
Martian et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
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