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microenvironment. The review further discusses technical and translational hurdles, such as optimizing scaffold properties and integrating patient-derived cells, which must be addressed to realize the full potential of 3D models in personalized medicine and drug discovery. The significant advancement of scaffold-based 3D OS models offers a more physiologically relevant platforms to bridge the gap between experimental research and clinical application in chemotherapy.
Madaiah et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
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