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A general approach to the first order asymptotic analysis of penalized likelihood and related estimators is described. The method gives expansions for the systematic and random error. Asymptotic convergence rates in a family of spectral norms are obtained. The theory applies to a broad range of function estimation problems including nonparametric density, hazard and generalized regression curve estimation. Some examples are provided.
Cox et al. (Sat,) studied this question.