The rapid advancement of medical artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is profoundly transforming healthcare practices, offering significant potential in disease diagnosis, treatment decision-making, health management, and drug development. However, the application of these technologies raises complex ethical, legal, and social issues, challenging traditional ethical review mechanisms. This review systematically examines the unique ethical challenges posed by medical AI applications, evaluates the applicability and limitations of existing ethical review frameworks, and explores future directions for developing novel ethical review paradigms tailored to the distinctive characteristics of AI. Key topics discussed include data privacy and security, algorithmic fairness and bias, transparency and explainability, accountability, clinical efficacy validation, and patient autonomy. By addressing these core issues, this article aims to provide theoretical insights and practical guidance for establishing a robust, effective, and trustworthy ethical governance system for medical AI, thereby supporting responsible innovation and safeguarding patient rights in the evolving landscape of healthcare technology.
xianqi zhang (Mon,) studied this question.