The Double Array of Filaments in Cross-Striated Muscle

The conditions under which one might expect to see the secondary filaments (if they exist) in longitudinal sections of striated muscle, are discussed. It is shown that these conditions were not satisfied in previously published works for the sections were too thick. When suitably thin sections are examined, the secondary filaments can be seen perfectly easily. It is also possible to see clearly other details of the structure, notably the cross-bridges between primary and secondary filaments, and the tapering of the primary filaments at their ends. The arrangement of the filaments and the changes associated with contraction and with stretch are identical to those already deduced from previous observations and described in terms of the interdigitating filament model in previous papers. There are therefore excellent grounds for believing that this model is correct. The alternative models which have been proposed appear to be incompatible both with the present observations and with much of the other available evidence.