Impact of a Patient-Centered Medical Home on Access, Quality, and Cost

CONTEXT: Patient-centered medical homes (PCMHs) are intended to actively provide effective care by physician-led teams, where patients take a leading role and responsibility. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the Walter Reed PCMH has reduced costs while at least maintaining if not improving access to and quality of care, and to determine whether access, quality, and cost impacts differ by chronic condition status. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: This study conducted a retrospective analysis using a patient-level utilization database to determine the impact of the Walter Reed PCMH on utilization and cost metrics, and a survey of enrollees in the Walter Reed PCMH to address access to care and quality of care. OUTCOME MEASURES: Inpatient and outpatient utilization, per member per quarter costs, Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set metrics, and composite measures for access, patient satisfaction, provider communication, and customer service are included. RESULTS: Costs were 11% lower for those with chronic conditions compared to 7% lower for those without. Since treating patients with chronic conditions is 4 times more costly than treating patients without such conditions, the vast majority of dollar savings are attributable to chronic care. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest focusing first on patients with chronic conditions given the greater potential for early gains.