Indonesian EFL students' voices on online learning during COVID-19 through appraisal analysis

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the closure of universities and colleges has caused teachers and students to alter technology enhanced courses and blended courses to a fully online learning following the call for practicing social distancing.Since adjustment to online learning requires much effort from both the teachers and the students, getting in-depth insights from the students' voices during this pandemic through scrutinizing their reflections is important.This study aimed at investigating the attitudinal resources in reflections on online courses during COVID-19 by EFL students in Indonesia.This qualitative research employed a content analysis method to scrutinize 261 expressions.The data gathered from the students' reflections were analyzed through the Appraisal framework (Martin & White, 2005), which captured the linguistic evidence of various attitudinal resources in expressing feelings and opinions found in their reflections.The linguistic resources reflect that the students experience this