Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors significantly prolonged median progression-free survival to 11.74 months compared to 6.81 months with ICIs alone in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma.
Cohort (n=61)
No
Does the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and anti-angiogenic TKIs improve progression-free survival and overall response rate in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma compared to ICI therapy alone?
The combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and anti-angiogenic TKIs significantly prolongs progression-free survival and improves overall response rates compared to ICI alone in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma.
Effect estimate: HR 0.55 (95% CI 0.2673-0.9791)
Absolute Event Rate: 11.74% vs 6.81%
p-value: p=0.043
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are employed to treat various cancers, including soft tissue sarcomas (STSs), and less than 20% of patients benefit from this treatment. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and contributes to ICI-resistant therapy. Anti-VEGF receptor tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) combined with ICIs have shown antitumor activity in patients with alveolar soft-part sarcoma (ASPS). However, they have not been extensively studied to treat other STS subtypes, such as leiomyosarcoma (LMS), dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS), undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), myxofibrosarcoma (MFS), and angiosarcoma (AS). Methods: In this retrospective study, we collected data from 61 patients who were diagnosed with advanced STS based on imaging and histology, including LMS, DDLPS, and UPS. Among them, 41 patients were treated with ICIs combined with TKIs and 20 patients received ICI therapy. The endpoints of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall response rate (ORR) were analyzed in the two groups, and the overall response partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), and progressive disease (PD) of each patient was determined using RECIST 1.1 evaluation criteria. Results: In total, 61 STS patients had the following subtypes: LMS (n = 20), DDLPS (n = 17), UPS (n = 8), ASPS (n = 7), MFS (n = 7), and AS (n = 2). The median PFS (mPFS) was significantly prolonged after ICI treatment in combination with TKIs (11.74 months, 95% CI 4.41–14.00) compared to ICI treatment alone (6.81 months, 95% CI 5.43–NA) (HR 0.5464, p = 0.043). The 12-month PFS rates of patients who received ICI–TKI treatment were increased from 20.26% (95% CI 0.08–0.53) to 42.90% (95% CI 0.27–0.68). In the combination therapy group, 12 patients (30%) achieved PR, 25 patients (62.5%) achieved SD, and 3 patients (7.5%) achieved PD for 3 months or longer. In the non-TKI-combination group, 2 patients (9.5%) achieved PR, 14 patients (66.7%) achieved SD, and 5 patients (23.8%) achieved PD within 3 months. The ORRs in the two groups were 30.0% (ICI–TKI combination) and 9.5% (ICI only), respectively. A notable ORR was observed in the ICI–TKI combination group, especially for subtypes ASPS (66.7%), MFS (42.9%), and UPS (33.3%). The PD-L1 expression (n = 33) and tumor mutation burden (TMB, n = 27) were determined for each patient. However, our results showed no significant difference in PFS or response rates between the two groups. Conclusion: This study suggests that ICI–TKI treatment has antitumor activity in patients with STS, particularly the ASPS and MFS subtypes. Moreover, effective biomarkers to predict clinical outcomes are urgently needed after combination therapy in the STS subtypes.
You et al. (Tue,) conducted a cohort in Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma (n=61). Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) vs. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) alone was evaluated on Median progression-free survival (mPFS) in months (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.2673-0.9791, p=0.043). Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors significantly prolonged median progression-free survival to 11.74 months compared to 6.81 months with ICIs alone in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma.