Abstract Indian philosophical and religious traditions conceptualize time as a cyclical process divided into four Yugas—Satya (Krita), Treta, Dvapara, and Kali. Each Yuga is characterized by a distinct moral, social, and spiritual order. This research paper presents a comparative study of ethical practices across the four Yugas, highlighting the evolution and gradual decline of moral values, duties (Dharma), and human conduct. Drawing upon classical Hindu scriptures such as the Vedas, Upanishads, Itihasas, Puranas, and the Bhagavad Gita, the study examines how ethical norms were practiced, sustained, and transformed across different epochs. The paper also explores the relevance of Yuga-based ethics in contemporary society.
Suhas Khandal (Sat,) studied this question.