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This research explores how high-fat diets lead to lung inflammation and evaluates Torreya grandis oil's protective effects.

May 26, 2026Open Access

Torreya grandis Diester Oil Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation with Superior Efficacy to Natural Torreya grandis Oil

Key Points

This research explores how high-fat diets lead to lung inflammation and evaluates Torreya grandis oil's protective effects.
Mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks and compared to a control group.
Biochemical analyses assessed oxidative stress and inflammation in lung tissue.
Western blotting analyzed protein expression in inflammatory signaling pathways.
HFD group showed a 90.36% body weight increase, while TGO and TGO-DG groups showed 57.95% and 55.78% respectively.
MDA, NO, and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels significantly decreased with TGO-DG treatment.
TGO-DG exhibited superior effects, enhancing restoration of pulmonary microbial homeostasis.

Abstract

Background/Objectives: A high-fat diet (HFD) not only induces metabolic disorders but also causes oxidative damage to the lung tissue, triggering inflammatory responses. However, the detailed mechanisms by which HFD induces pulmonary oxidative stress and inflammation, particularly involving NF-κB/PPAR-γ signaling and lung microbiota, remain poorly understood, and effective dietary intervention strategies are still lacking. This study investigated the effects of HFD on lung tissue injury in mice and systematically evaluated the protective effects and potential mechanisms of Torreya grandis seed oil (TGO) and Torreya grandis seed diester oil (TGO-DG). Methods: After 12 weeks of HFD feeding, HFD group mice exhibited a marked increase in body weight (90.36%) compared with the control group, whereas body weight gain was significantly attenuated in the TGO (57.95%) and TGO-DG (55.78%) groups. Results: Biochemical analyses revealed that the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) were significantly elevated in the HFD group, indicating pronounced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in lung tissue. These symptoms were significantly attenuated by TGO and TGO-DG, with TGO-DG showing a more marked effect. Western blot (WB) results showed that both TGO and TGO-DG suppressed IL-6 expression and altered the expression of proteins in the NF-κB and PPAR-γ signaling pathways, which may contribute to the alleviation of pulmonary inflammation. Lung microbiota analysis revealed that TGO was associated with an increased proportion of Lactobacillus species, which correlated with the restoration of pulmonary microbial homeostasis. Conclusions: Overall, these results suggest that TGO and TGO-DG effectively alleviate HFD-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in lung tissue through regulation of inflammatory signaling pathways and lung microbiota composition. Notably, TGO-DG exhibited superior protective effects, highlighting its potential as a lipid ingredient.

Torreya grandis Diester Oil Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation with Superior Efficacy to Natural Torreya grandis Oil

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Abstract

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