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One danger inherent in computer system design and management is an ever-present temptation to consider computer system performance as an end in itself, rather than as a means to better serve people. Such "performance improvement" methods as universal use of one language, large blocking of data input and output, and intricately designed code and procedures can increase machine productivity. However, it costs users an abnormally high effort to achieve any results. On the other hand, text editors, extended debugging aids, and conversational programming systems tend to reduce user-time investments at the expense of machine efficiency.
Boehm et al. (Fri,) studied this question.