Towards a Theory of Language Learning Ability

In this paper, the problem of foreign or second language learning ability in adults is examined with special attention to the “critical period” hypothesis. Although data from several studies are reviewed, discussion centers around the appropriateness of traditional research methodology in the area. The author begins with a summary of the four most frequently discussed positions on foreign or second language aptitude as they appear in the literature. He then turns to methodological issues where he argues for a shift in orientation from macrocorrelational studies to more carefully controlled micro research which embodies the developmental null hypothesis. In the third portion of the paper, he discusses three studies he has conducted on second language learning ability in adults. The author concludes by enumerating the issues he views most important for future research. He reaffirms his claim that the optimal way to study the nature of language learning ability is to focus narrowly upon specific problems in idealized contexts where extralinguistic variables are reduced to a minimum in tightly controlled designs.