Human Exposure to Metal(loids) in Cosmetics: An Insightful Review of Sample Preparation, Analytical Techniques, and Human Health Implications

Pursuing enhanced aesthetics through cosmetics may unknowingly expose consumers to a hidden threat of metals/metalloids toxicity. This review comprehensively investigates heavy metals/metalloids found in cosmetics and their potential health impacts on consumers. These metals/metalloids are intentionally added as ingredients, serving specific functions, such as pigments and ultraviolet (UV) filters or as unintentional contaminants introduced during production. These pose a serious health threat, including increased risk of cancer, neurological disorders, organ failures, and detrimental effects on fetal development when chronic exposure surpasses established safety thresholds. The primary way of contact of metals/metalloids with our body is through the skin. However, absorption is affected by several factors, such as the skin’s age, anatomical site, molecular volume, and protein reactivity. Metals/metalloids in cosmetics are analyzed through several methods in different studies. This review provides detailed information on metals/metalloids in cosmetics and their sources, toxicology, absorption through the skin, analysis methodologies, and human health hazard implications.