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Although network function virtualization (NFV) is a promising approach for providing elastic network functions, it faces several challenges in terms of adaptation to diverse network appliances and reduction of the capital and operational expenses of the service providers. In particular, to deploy service chains, providers must consider different objectives, such as minimizing the network latency or the operational cost, which are coupled objectives that have traditionally been addressed separately. In this paper, the problem of virtual network function (vNF) placement for service chains is studied for the purpose of energy and traffic-aware cost minimization. This problem is formulated as an optimization problem named the joint operational and network traffic cost (OPNET) problem. First, a sampling-based Markov approximation (MA) approach is proposed to solve the combinatorial NP-hard problem, OPNET. Even though the MA approach can yield a near-optimal solution, it requires a long convergence time that can hinder its practical deployment. To overcome this issue, a novel approach that combines the MA with matching theory, named as SAMA, is proposed to find an efficient solution for the original problem OPNET. Simulation results show that the proposed framework can reduce the total incurred cost by up to 19 percent compared to the existing non-coordinated approach.
Pham et al. (Mon,) studied this question.