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The convergence of voice, data, and video networks is creating a new environment for telecommunications. In response to the changes, telecommunications equipment manufacturers and service providers are competing fiercely to bring an optimum solution to customers. The evolution of GSM to GPRS and to UMTS is a cellular wireless industry endeavour to meet this demand. This evolution will see the core wireless network infrastructure change from circuit-switched to packet-switched where voice and data are transported using IP as the common protocol. However, this poses a number of challenges, one of which is how to run the key mobile application part signaling protocols over IP. MAP defines the application protocols between switches and databases (e.g., MSC, VLR, SGSN, HLR) for supporting mobility management, security management, radio resource management, and mobile equipment management. UMTS supports both circuit-switched and packet-switched services.
Chiang et al. (Wed,) studied this question.