This study investigates the coordinated impact of a synchronous condenser (SC), battery energy storage system (BESS), and static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) on enhancing voltage and frequency stability in a modified IEEE 9-bus power system under severe disturbances. The aim is to quantify the individual and combined contributions of these technologies during both fault ride-through (FRT) and load-increment events. The methodology includes dynamic modelling of all three devices in DIgSILENT PowerFactory. The SC is represented as a synchronous machine with inertia and AVR-based voltage control; the BESS employs converter-based active power and frequency-droop control; and the STATCOM provides fast reactive power injection through a dual-loop voltage regulator. Key indicators include nadir (minimum frequency), Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF), steady-state deviation, voltage sag depth, and recovery characteristics. Results indicate distinct roles for each device. The SC increases inertia and improves damping, but it also introduces small, well-damped oscillations. The BESS significantly enhances frequency stability by mitigating nadir, reducing RoCoF, and accelerating recovery, with negligible effect on voltage regulation. The STATCOM substantially reduces voltage sag and speeds up voltage recovery, but it does not influence frequency behaviour. When combined, the hybrid SC–BESS–STATCOM system demonstrates strong complementarity: the SC supports inertia, the BESS stabilizes active-power imbalance, and the STATCOM ensures fast reactive-power compensation.
Mehrkhodavandi et al. (Thu,) studied this question.