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Borophene a two-dimensional allotrope of boron has become an immensely promising material in energy conversion and storage systems of the next generation. Its metallic conductivity, high surface area, mechanical flexibility, and tunable electronic structure allow superior charge transport and ion diffusion over more traditional 2D materials including graphene or MXenes. Recent progress of making synthesis, structural stabilization, and hybrid composites has opened its possibilities into lithium-, sodium-, and magnesium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and hydrogen storage. An anisotropic conductivity in Borophene and polymorphic phases increase the catalytic activity in hydrogen evolution, oxygen reduction, and thermoelectric conversion. Nevertheless, there remain problems with large-scale production and sustainability. Continued development of machine learning and computational modeling can be used to optimize the electrochemical performance and longevity of borophene. Borophene is an emerging platform technology that integrates materials science with sustainable energy technologies and offers a future for energy storage and conversion in fast, dense, and flexible devices. The newness of this manuscript is that borophene is introduced as a single energy platform and not as a set of disconnected properties or uses. It comprehensively relates the polymorphism, anisotropic metallic conductivity, and bonding chemistry of borophene with actual performance indices in energy storage and conversion devices. The work offers a more direct pathway from theory to practical energy technologies by connecting atomic-level concepts to device-level implications and by introducing new optimization methods.
Khan et al. (Fri,) studied this question.