Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
A comparison of the pilgrimage to Mecca made by Turkish villagers with that made to their natal villages by Turkish immigrants in Europe argues for blurring the boundaries between the categories “sacred” and “secular” as well as those between pilgrim and migrant. It suggests that the hijra (emigration of Muhammed) and the hajj (his pilgrimage home) provide a symbolic model, unavailable for non‐Muslims, that implicitly structures and makes comprehensible the ritualistic and obligatory character of the immigrants' journey home. Islam, symbolism, pilgrimage, Turkish peasants and immigrants
Carol Delaney (Wed,) studied this question.