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AIM: To explore how an ecological approach be used to explore relationships among workplace empowerment, authentic leadership, trust in management, areas of work life and co-worker incivility experiences of new graduate nurses. DESIGN: Key concepts related to new graduate nurses' incivility experience informed the research question building on the findings of our first author's integrative review. Second, relevant theories and concepts were identified by conducting a literature review. Third, the themes build on prior theories and factors to propose a hypothetical model. DATA SOURCES: (2016-2019) CINAHL, OVID, PSYCINFO, PUBMED, EBSCO, ERIC, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library; PROQUEST and Google Scholar. REVIEW METHODS: (a) Constructs identified in an IR (Blackstock et al., 2018) guided a literature review on predictive variables linked to new graduate nurse's co-worker incivility experiences; (b) an ecological approach was explored; and (c) we demonstrate how multidimensional organizational factors related to incivility experiences of new graduate nurses can be situated in an ecological model. RESULTS: Structural and organizational factors, and nurse leaders influencing new graduate nurses' experiences are situated in an ecological model. Placing new graduate nurses' co-worker incivility experiences in the microsystem and close to the mesosystem (nurse supervisor) and exosystem (workplace empowerment) of our ecological model provides new insights into their incivility experiences and informs future research. CONCLUSION: The ecological approach and operational definition of incivility help to clarify incivility behaviours as not merely individual behaviours observed by others needing corrective cognitive behaviours, nor support in a graduate transition program, but rather a symptom of work environment factors contributing to multidimensional work environments of new graduate nurses' and influence incivility behaviours. IMPACT: New graduate nurse co-worker incivility research could measure change across time and across system domains informed by this ecological approach and can shape new ways of thinking about how to prevent and mitigate incivility.
Blackstock et al. (Wed,) studied this question.