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In Colombia, coffee cultivation covers 850,000 ha, of which 41% comprises cultivars of Coffea arabica that are susceptible to leaf rust (CLR) caused by Hemileia vastatrix Berk. et Br.CLR, first recorded in Colombia in 1983, is the most damaging coffee disease, causing 30% crop losses when left unmanaged. In Colombia, major epidemics of CLR had not been reported since 1987 (Leguizamón a condition that favours H. vastatrix development (Rayner, 1961; Bock, 1962; Avelino, 2006). Inadequate fertiliser application evidenced by low fertiliser sales (due to major price increases) and deficient nutrient uptake in water-saturated soils slowed shoot growth, thus preventing plant recovery. The CLR outbreak responsible for coffee production losses in Colombia in 2008 to 2011 was caused by isolates belonging to race II, the prevalent race of Hemileia vastatrix in Colombia since 1983. There does not appear to have been an increase in host susceptibility to this race. It is considered that optimal weather and agronomic conditions for disease development favoured major CLR epidemics from 2008 to 2011.
Cristancho et al. (Sun,) studied this question.