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For many years, the big data phenomenon was surprising neglected by researchers, but today, with the increasing amount of data to the tone of up to 35 trillion GB by 2020, it is mandatory to focus on this phenomenon. Clearly, we are living in the big data era 1, 2; big data is not just about size, it is also about the complexity, noisy, heterogeneity, streaming, and verity of data. The large scale of data opened the domain for many studies in social networks, commerce, science, engineering, and security. The roadmap of this article is presented in Fig. Fig. 1 -Roadmap of this paper.
Ali et al. (Sun,) studied this question.