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This paper attempts to examine the effects of active learning, academic motivation, and student engagement on academic satisfaction. Specifically, it aims to test the conceptual model of academic satisfaction with hospitality and tourism education in Macao. For this purpose, data from 480 students attending higher education institutions in Macao were analysed. Using structural equation modelling, the empirical results confirmed and validated the conceptual model of academic satisfaction and four hypotheses within the model. Active learning and academic motivation were positively related with student engagement and academic motivation and student engagement were positively related with academic satisfaction. The findings of the present study contribute to educational research on academic satisfaction and can be used by tertiary institutions to enhance academic satisfaction. Prior studies have shown that academic satisfaction can help retain students and encourage them to pursue continuing education. The findings may benefit both hospitality students and educators in Macao by providing valuable recommendations and implications. It is recommended to combine motivational strategies with active learning to facilitate student engagement and academic satisfaction and also to make proper use of technologies to enhance the classroom environment.
Chau et al. (Thu,) studied this question.