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Background: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are an important public health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. These disorders can significantly affect cognitive, social, and academic functioning. Early identification and intervention are essential to improve long-term outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to determine the proportion and clinical profile of children with NDDs attending a Child Guidance and Rehabilitation Center (CGRC) and to analyze associated sociodemographic and perinatal factors. Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using records of children referred to CGRC from January 2017 to December 2022. Data on demographics, clinical features, perinatal history, and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-5-based diagnoses were analyzed. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including chi-square test and logistic regression, were applied. Results: Out of 64,800 children attending the pediatric outpatient department, 2,337 were referred to CGRC, of whom 1,572 (67.1%) were diagnosed with one or more NDDs, corresponding to a proportion of 2.42% among outpatient department (OPD) attendees. Specific learning disability (22.6%) was the most common diagnosis, followed by intellectual disability (11%), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (10.3%), and global developmental delay (10.4%). Male predominance (63.5%) was observed. Perinatal factors such as birth asphyxia and neonatal jaundice showed a significant association with NDDs. Logistic regression identified male gender, birth asphyxia, neonatal jaundice, and low socioeconomic status as independent predictors. Conclusion:title A high proportion of NDDs was observed among referred children. Strengthening early screening, improving awareness, and enhancing access to multidisciplinary services are essential for better outcomes.
Jose et al. (Mon,) studied this question.