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Part 1 Setting the stage: frames of reflection - an introduction, Hugh Munby and Tom Russell the significance of teachers' frames for teaching, Douglas Barnes. Part 2 Reflection in teaching: collaborative reflection, systematic enquiry, better teaching, John R. Baird a cognitive analysis of patterns in science instruction by expert and novice teachers, Hilda Borko et al. Part 3 Reflection in cases of teaching: philosophical, subject matter, and classroom understandings - a case of history teaching, Brent Kilbourn transforming chemistry research into chemistry teaching - the complexities of adopting new frames for experience, Hugh Munby and Tom Russell creating cases for the development of teacher knowledge, Kathy Carter. Part 4 Narrative in reflection: narrative and story in teacher education, D. Jean Clandinin teaching for reflection - being reflective, Antoinette A. Oberg and Sibylle Artz. Part 5 Reflection in the context of teacher education: practitioner research and programmes of initial teacher education, Jean Rudduck the content of students teachers' reflections within different structures for facilitating the reflective process, Anna E. Richert the roles of reflective practice and foundational disciplines in teacher education, Allan MacKinnon and Gaalen R. Erickson.
O’Brien et al. (Sat,) studied this question.