Blue Economy: A Systematic Review of Concept, Policy Framework, and Regional Dynamics with Special Reference to Gujarat

The Blue Economy has emerged as a critical paradigm for achieving sustainable development by integrating economic growth with marine ecosystem conservation. This review paper systematically examines the evolution, conceptual foundations, and sectoral dimensions of the Blue Economy at global, national, and regional levels. Drawing upon existing literature, the study analyses policy frameworks, governance structures, and developmental initiatives, with particular emphasis on India and the state of Gujarat. The findings indicate that while the Blue Economy contributes significantly to employment generation, trade expansion, and resource utilization, current approaches remain predominantly growth-oriented with limited integration of environmental sustainability, social equity, and governance efficiency. The study identifies key research gaps related to fragmented literature, inadequate focus on inclusiveness, and lack of region-specific analysis. It concludes by emphasizing the need for integrated, sustainable, and inclusive policy frameworks to ensure long-term resilience and equitable development of ocean-based economies.