Ex-smoker status was associated with a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension compared to never-smokers and current smokers (70.2% vs 62.5% and 47.3%, respectively; p<0.001).
Cross-Sectional (n=1,574)
Yes
Does being an ex-smoker affect the prevalence, treatment, and control of hypertension and cardiovascular risk compared to never-smokers and current smokers?
Ex-smokers have a higher prevalence of hypertension, are more often untreated and less controlled, and have higher cardiovascular risk scores compared to never-smokers and current smokers, highlighting the need for continued cardiometabolic management after smoking cessation.
Absolute Event Rate: 70.2% vs 62.5%
p-value: p=<0.001
Objective: Smoking cessation is strongly recommended for the prevention of cardio-kidney-metabolic (CKM) diseases. Ex-smokers (ex-SM) are more likely to develop hypertension (HT), overweight and several metabolic disorders than never-smokers (N-SM) and current smokers (SM). The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence, treatment and control of HT and analyse differences in risk scores among subjects separated into smoking groups SM (N=383, 36.7% men), ex-SM (N=339, 54.5% men), and N-SM (N=852, 31.4% men).Design and method: This cross-sectional analysis was conducted within the nationwide EH-UH 2 project and included a representative random sample of non-institutionalized adults aged >= 18 years. Data of 1574 participants (37% men; mean age 59 years) were included in the present analysis. Blood pressure (BP) was measured according to the ESH guidelines. SCORE2/OP2, PREVENT and PREVENT-HF were calculated using recommended equations. Results: Prevalence of HT was significantly higher in Ex-SM than in N-SM and SM (70.2%, 62.5% and 47.3%, respectively; p<0.001). There were significantly more untreated HT subjects in the Ex-SM group than in N-SM and SM (26.3%, 22.1%, 19.8%, p<0.001). Ex-SM were significantly less controlled than N-SM (21.5% vs. 23.8%, p<0.01) with no differences to SM (19.1%). Ex-SM had significantly higher SCORE 2, PREVENT and PREVENT-HF scores than N-SM (all p<00.1) (table). Ex-SM demonstrated significantly higher PREVENT and PREVENT-HF scores compared to SM. Conclusions: Our results show that HT is more frequent among Ex-SM than N-SM and SM. Ex-SM are more often untreated and less controlled than N-SM, while BP control is similar to that in SM. SCORE2/OP2, PREVENT and PREVENT-HF indicates higher global cardiovascular risk in Ex-SM compared with N-SM, with PREVENT and PREVENT-HF also showing higher risk than in SM. These findings suggest that quitting smoking does not fully normalize cardiovascular risk and highlight the need for improved detection, treatment and control of HT, as well as management of cardiometabolic risk factors in Ex-SM.
Tokić et al. (Fri,) conducted a cross-sectional in Hypertension and cardiovascular risk (n=1,574). Ex-smoker status vs. Never-smokers and current smokers was evaluated on Prevalence of hypertension (p=<0.001). Ex-smoker status was associated with a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension compared to never-smokers and current smokers (70.2% vs 62.5% and 47.3%, respectively; p<0.001).