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Low-temperature techniques were applied to the study of a hydrodynamic instability. High-precision results for the Nusselt number N as a function of the Rayleigh number R for liquid and gaseous helium revealed no singularities in N (R), except at the convective threshold R₂. For R>2. 19R₂, a new turbulent state was found and characterized by measuring the frequency spectrum and the amplitude of N (R).
Guenter Ahlers (Mon,) studied this question.
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