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We investigated polycrystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) with different annealing conditions in air by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence. We found that the concentration of antisite oxide (OZn) increases when ZnO ceramics were in an O-rich condition. As the concentration of antisite oxide (OZn) increased, the photoluminescence intensity of the green band emission increased. The crossover temperature of the free and bound excitons was roughly estimated as 100 K.
Hur et al. (Fri,) studied this question.