Effect of a Head-Up Versus Head-Down Digital Speedometer on Visual Sampling Behavior and Speed Control Performance During Daytime Automobile Driving

General Motors has recently introduced production automobiles which are capable of presenting information to the driver by way of head-up displays. Although there has been some research reported to compare driver performance with head-up relative to head-down displays in an automotive context, continuing research is warranted. The research reported here provides an on-the-road comparison of automobile drivers' behavior with a head-up versus head-down speedometer during daytime driving.