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In connection with dc choppers, different modulation techniques are used. The chopper may be of a transistor bridge type or of any thyristor type. The output current and voltage can be controlled by pulsewidth modulation, pulse-frequency modulation, or two-level control of the load current. The steady-state behavior of the different modulation techniques is shown in comparable equations and diagrams. Also shown are the ranges of the parameters in which it is possible to use the approximate equations for the chopper frequency and the output current ripple.
Michel et al. (Thu,) studied this question.
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