Syphilis in Pregnancy: Risk of Congenital Infection, Its Pathogenetic Mechanisms, and Prevention

In this article infection with Syphilis during pregnancy and its impact on maternal and fetal health, as well as the risk of congenital infection, are analyzed based on modern medical approaches. The biological characteristics of the causative agent — Treponema pallidum, its mechanisms of placental transmission, and vertical routes of infection are described in detail. The clinical course of syphilis in pregnant women, including its stages and latent forms, is reviewed. The main risk factors for congenital syphilis include late diagnosis and delayed initiation of treatment. Pathological changes in the fetus and perinatal complications are described. The importance of modern screening and serological diagnostic methods is emphasized, highlighting that early detection and timely treatment significantly reduce the risk of congenital infection. Preventive measures play a crucial role in protecting maternal and child health.