First-Principles Derivation of the Critical Density Threshold ρc from the Verlinde–Bulk-Viscous Framework

Key Points

• This research aims to derive the critical density threshold using first-principles from the Verlinde framework.
• Utilized first-principles approach to analyze critical density in cosmological contexts.
• Incorporated bulk viscosity considerations into the thermodynamic framework.
• Derived a new expression for the critical density threshold ρc.
• Showed connections between bulk viscosity and cosmological parameters.