Feasibility and Effects of a Web-Based Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment Administered by Clinical Staff in the Pediatric Emergency Department

OBJECTIVES: To determine the adoption rate of the Web-based Behavioral Health Screening-Emergency Department (BHS-ED) system during routine clinical practice in a pediatric ED, and to assess this system's effect on identification and assessment of psychiatric problems. DESIGN: Descriptive design to evaluate the feasibility of a clinical innovation. SETTING: The ED of an urban tertiary care children's hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Adolescents from 14 to 18 years of age, without acute or critical injuries or illness, presenting with nonpsychiatric symptoms. INTERVENTION: The ED clinical staff initiated the use of the BHS-ED system, which identifies and assesses adolescents for depression, suicidal ideation, posttraumatic stress, substance use, and exposure to violence. Treating clinicians reviewed results and followed routine care practices thereafter. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adoption rate of the BHS-ED system by nursing staff, identification rates of occult psychiatric problems, and social worker or psychiatrist assessment. Data were collected for 19 months before implementation of the BHS-ED system and for 9 months during implementation. RESULTS: Of 3979 eligible patients, 1327 (33.4%) were asked by clinical staff to get screened using the BHS-ED; of these 1327 patients, 857 (64.6%) completed the screening and 470 (35.4%) refused. During implementation, identification of adolescents with psychiatric problems increased significantly (4.2% vs 2.5%; odds ratio OR, 1.70; 95% confidence interval CI, 1.38-2.10), as did ED assessments by a social worker or psychiatrist (2.5% vs 1.7%; OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.13-1.90). Of the 857 patients who were screened with the BHS-ED, 90 (10.5%) were identified as having psychiatric problems (OR, 4.58; 95% CI, 3.53-5.94), and 71 (8.3%) were assessed (OR, 5.12; 95% CI, 3.80-6.88). CONCLUSIONS: In a busy pediatric ED, computerized, self-administered adolescent behavioral health screening can be incorporated into routine clinical practice. This can lead to small but significant increases in the identification of unrecognized psychiatric problems.