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Public sector services are going through an extensive digital reformation, which intends to improve the quality of these services. A user-centered design (UCD) approach and UCD skills are required if citizens are involved in the public e-services' development. In this paper we present a study in which we utilized the UCD Competency Model. The data for the study was collected in interviews with key informants from three exemplary public digital service projects. We used Critical Discourse Analysis methodology to reveal interviewees' explicit opinions and underlying assumptions about UCD competencies among stakeholder groups. Our results indicate that public servants have favorable ethos and willingness to invest on UCD. Still, there is a need to reconsider the citizens' role as genuine participants. The study also served as validation of the UCD Competency model, uncovering some flaws but also proving it adaptable in the field as a thought-provoking trigger of change.
Kautonen et al. (Sun,) studied this question.