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The objective of this study was to determine the relative effectiveness of selected target-background coding combinations. Three target codes were: color, number, and enclosed shape. Five types of background were: all white, solid gray, five shades of gray, five pastel hues, and five different patterns. These target-background coding combinations were evaluated under eight different complexity conditions and for five different operator tasks. The major findings in this study were: (1) no significant differences were found in background coding, (2) numeral coding is superior for the “identifying” task, and (3) color coding is superior for the “locating” and “counting” tasks.
Christner et al. (Sat,) studied this question.