What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to explore how multi-stage heat treatments affect the microstructure and mechanical properties of modified 35XMA steel.

June 10, 2026Open Access

Correlation between carbide morphology and mechanical properties of 35XMA steel under multi-stage thermal exposure

MUMuzaffar Ubaydullaev ERElena Ruklinskaya UKUmidbek KosimovTashkent State Transport University

Key Points

This research aims to explore how multi-stage heat treatments affect the microstructure and mechanical properties of modified 35XMA steel.
Investigated the effects of multi-stage heat treatment modes on modified 35XMA steel.
Focused on the transformation of coarse as-cast structure into fine-dispersed sorbite using double-stage tempering at 600-650 °C.
Analyzed the morphology of carbide phases and their influence on temper embrittlement.
Impact toughness increased by 45%, demonstrating significant improvement.
Abrasive wear rate reduced by 20%, indicating enhanced durability.

Abstract

The paper investigates the effect of multi-stage heat treatment modes on the microstructure and performance characteristics of modified 35KhML (35XMA) chromium-molybdenum steel. It was established that the application of a complex nano-modifier, combined with optimized double-stage tempering (600-650 °C), facilitates the transformation of a course as-cast structure into fine-dispersed sorbite. Particular attention is paid to the morphology of carbide phases and their role in preventing temper embrittlement. The results demonstrated a 45 % increase in impact toughness and a 20 % reduction in the abrasive wear rate.

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