Abstract: Derived from the root vid (to know), the Vedas represent the ultimate, eternal source of knowledge in Sanatana Dharma, revealed to ancient rishis during deep meditation. Also known as Sruti, this vast body of sacred, esoteric knowledge was preserved and transmitted orally through generations. Primarily comprising mantras and chants, the Vedas traditionally served as the core of Vedic sacrifices and rituals (yagnas). The Upanishads, representing the conclusion of the Vedas, are known as Vedanta or Uttara Mimamsa. Literalized as "sitting down near" a guru, they distill the essence of Vedic philosophical and spiritual insights. Today, these ancient scriptures remain profoundly relevant, offering timeless guidance for mental peace, ethical living, and self-realization. This paper comprehensively highlights the diverse types, core importance, and contemporary relevance of both the Vedas and Upanishads in modern times.
soy et al. (Mon,) studied this question.