The Migratory Question In the Mediterranean Region and the Challenges Of Development

Abstract This paper examines the migratory question in the Mediterranean region by highlighting its links with borders, development, social cohesion, and economic participation. It approaches migration not only as a challenge to be managed, but also as an opportunity for sustainable human development. The paper first reviews key theoretical perspectives on migration, including micro-individual, macro-structural, systemic, and aspirations-capabilities approaches, showing that migratory decisions are shaped by economic, social, political, cultural, and personal factors. It then discusses the multiple challenges associated with migration in Mediterranean societies, particularly at the social, security, and economic levels. Special attention is given to the need for policies that promote migrants’ economic autonomy through employability, entrepreneurship, training, and participation in the formal labor market. The paper also stresses the importance of continuously building social cohesion in increasingly multicultural societies through inclusive, multi-stakeholder approaches and cultural dialogue. Finally, it analyzes the EU–Morocco partnership as a proactive example of cooperation on migration, supported by technical and financial instruments. The paper concludes that migration can contribute to development in the Mediterranean if it is addressed through coordinated, inclusive, and opportunity-oriented policies.