Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted extensive attention due to their high efficiency and low cost advantages. This review focuses on the latest research progress in material design, interface engineering, and stability improvement. The inverted (p-i-n) architecture combined with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) has enabled record efficiencies exceeding 26% for single-junction cells and 34.85% for perovskite/silicon tandems. The key research strategies include intermediate composition engineering for uniform halide crystallization, machine learning-assisted high-throughput screening, and novel methods for centimeter-scale single crystals. Interface engineering implemented with covalent organic frameworks, bifunctional molecules and polydentate complexing agents effectively reduces defects and suppresses ion migration, achieving excellent operational stability. Future directions focus on active thermal and stress management, entropy engineering, and data-driven rational design (AI and high-throughput screening), indicating that the development paradigm of perovskite solar cells has shifted from empirical optimization to the intelligently accelerated development of stable and high-efficiency PSCs.
Liu et al. (Wed,) studied this question.