What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to quantify the cluster normalization gap within the GCFT dark-matter arc using specific cosmic parameters.

June 17, 2026Open Access

CDN-232: Cluster Normalization Boundary

Key Points

The aim is to quantify the cluster normalization gap within the GCFT dark-matter arc using specific cosmic parameters.
Analyzed Planck 2018 baryon and cold-dark-matter densities.
Calculated cosmic total-to-baryon and response-to-baryon ratios.
Assessed necessary amplification channels for cluster normalization.
The required total-to-baryon ratio is 6.836 with a baryon retention factor of 0.93.
The response-to-baryon ratio calculated is 5.836, significantly higher than previous metrics.
Highlights the absence of automatic normalization of galaxy-scale responses for clusters.

Abstract

CDN-232 quantifies the cluster normalization gap in the GCFT dark-matter arc. Using Planck 2018 baryon and cold-dark-matter physical densities, the conservative cosmic total-to-baryon target is 6.357. For a Planck-near cluster baryon retention factor of 0.93, the required cluster total-to-baryon ratio is 6.836 and the required response-to-baryon ratio is 5.836. This is 3.54 times the CDN-229 held-out enclosed galaxy response and 9.63 times the CDN-231 held-out projected response. Therefore the galaxy-scale response does not automatically normalize clusters; GCFT needs a derived cluster amplification channel, a residual matter boundary, or an explicit galaxy-scale scope limit.

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