Abstract:Maxwell's equations, the Lorentz force law, and Coulomb's law constitute the foundation of classical electrodynamics. In the standard framework of physics, these laws are treated as empirical postulates, their form inferred from experimental facts, lacking a deeper explanation of physical origin. Based on Space Ontology, starting from the sole first principle — the spatial orientation field equation — we systematically demonstrate that electromagnetic phenomena are necessary manifestations of the geometric dynamics of space itself. We rigorously derive: (1) the vacuum Maxwell equations as the wave equations of linear perturbations of the spatial orientation field around the vacuum state; (2) electric charge and current as the flux of the spatial chirality current, with the sourced Maxwell equations as the necessary consequence of chirality current conservation; (3) the Lorentz force as the response of the geometric phase of a soliton in an electromagnetic field; (4) Coulomb's law as the projection of topological charge conservation in three-dimensional space; and (5) the electromagnetic energy-momentum tensor as the natural result of Noether's theorem. Furthermore, we trace macroscopic electromagnetic parameters such as polarisability and permittivity to the intrinsic geometric properties of atomic solitons — the shape parameter — and complete a quantitative verification using experimental polarisability data of noble gas atoms. This paper completes the full geometric reduction of classical electrodynamics within Space Ontology, showing that Maxwell's equations are no longer empirical postulates but necessary projections of spatial geometry. This paper is part of the second series (Applications and Verifications) of Space Ontology, building upon the foundational framework established in the first series (17 papers total).
Yunjie Qiu (Thu,) studied this question.