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July 13, 2026Open Access

Interventional radiology knowledge among family medicine residents in Turkey: a national cross-sectional survey

SPSüveybe PEKERAdnan Menderes University MGMustafa GökKayseri Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi SDSerpil DemirağAdnan Menderes University

Key Points

The aim is to evaluate the knowledge and perceptions of interventional radiology among family medicine residents in Turkey and assess factors influencing knowledge levels.
Conducted a cross-sectional analytical study among family medicine residents in Turkey from August to October 2023.
Utilized a structured 21-item online questionnaire to assess sociodemographic characteristics and IR knowledge.
Performed statistical analyses including t-tests, ANOVA, and chi-square tests with significance set at p < 0.05.
413 residents participated in the study, with 60.6% reporting adequate knowledge of interventional radiology.
Only 25.5% of residents indicated they refer patients directly to IR units.
Residents with clinical rotations in cardiology and obstetrics and gynecology had higher knowledge scores compared to those without such experience.

Abstract

Abstract Background Interventional radiology (IR) provides minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and is increasingly integrated into routine clinical care. Family physicians play a key role in recognizing indications for IR and referring patients appropriately; however, their level of knowledge regarding IR remains uncertain. Aims To assess the knowledge, awareness, and perceptions of interventional radiology among family medicine residents in Turkey and to evaluate factors associated with knowledge levels. Methods This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among family medicine residents between August and October 2023 using a structured 21-item online questionnaire. The survey assessed sociodemographic characteristics, exposure to IR training, and knowledge of IR procedures. Knowledge scores were calculated using ten items. Statistical analyses were performed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, and chi-square tests, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results A total of 413 residents participated in the study. Overall, 60.6% of participants reported having an adequate level of knowledge regarding interventional radiology (IR), whereas only 25.5% stated that they directly referred patients to IR units. Commonly performed procedures, such as image-guided biopsy and drainage, were correctly identified by most participants; however, misconceptions were noted regarding several other interventional procedures. Residents who had completed clinical rotations associated with IR, particularly in cardiology and obstetrics and gynecology, demonstrated higher knowledge scores compared with those without such experience. Conclusions Family medicine residents demonstrated moderate awareness of interventional radiology, with knowledge gaps remaining in specific procedural areas. Clinical exposure through rotations may improve understanding. Incorporating structured IR education into residency training may enhance appropriate referral practices.

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