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Analytical expressions describing electron transport in dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO 2 solar cells are derived and verified by intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy measurements. An exponential distribution of surface states can account for the observed power law dependence of the electron-transport rate on the electron population. Use of an effective electron diffusion coefficient to describe the electron transport kinetics is found to be inadequate. A slope of 69 meV is inferred for the surface-state distribution curve.
Lagemaat et al. (2000) studied this question.