Comprehensive retinal vascular measurements: a novel association with renal function in type 2 diabetic patients in China

To examine the association between various retinal vascular measurements and microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes in a northwestern China study. Data from 911 patients with type 2 diabetes were analyzed. Novel retinal vascular measurements from the whole vascular tree were extracted using a validated fully automatic computer program. Retinal vascular measurements were analyzed continuously and categorically for associations with microalbuminuria using multiple logistic regressions, adjusted for related variables. In logistic regression adjusting for multiple variables, microalbuminuria was associated with smaller peripheral arteriolar caliber, larger peripheral venular caliber, larger arteriolar tortuosity, and smaller arteriolar fractal dimension (p = 0.028, p < 0.001, p = 0.038, p = 0.035, respectively). In further categorical analyses, microalbuminuria was related to smaller peripheral arteriolar caliber T1 vs. T3: odds ratio (OR) 2.029; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.186-3.473, larger peripheral venular caliber (T1 vs. T3: OR 0.609; 95% CI 0.362-1.024), and smaller arteriolar fractal dimension (T1 vs. T3: OR 1.659; 95% CI 1.028-2.675). Microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes is associated with both retinal vascular caliber and geometry. These noninvasive vascular measurements serve as potential preclinical markers to identify populations at high risk of early kidney disease in the course of diabetes.