Gut Microbiota Promotes Immune Tolerance by Regulating RORγt+ Treg Cells in Food Allergy

Food allergy is a significant public health problem troubling people, and the incidence has been on the rise in the past decade. Emerging evidence suggests an influence of the gut microbiota in susceptibility to food allergies. Epidemiological studies have shown an association between altered exposure to the microbiome and the risk of food allergies. Intervention of the gut microbiota in germ-free mice or supplementation of probiotics can regulate the proliferation of regulatory T (Treg) cells in mice and inhibit food allergy by promoting the expression of receptor-associated orphan γt+ (RORγt+) regulatory T (Treg) cells and inhibiting the proliferation of T helper 2 (Th2) and Th17 cells. This paper reviews the current research progress on how the gut microbiota enhances immune tolerance to prevent food allergy through RORγt+ Treg, hoping to provide some new ideas and effective targets for the prophylaxis of food allergy.