Static magnetic fields enhance partial nitrification and phosphorus removal performance in anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic-aerobic granular sludge systems: Two-way role of microbial activity and extracellular polymeric substances

Key Points

• Phosphorus removal performance is significantly improved due to static magnetic fields, enhancing biological processes in granular sludge systems.
• Key evidence shows that microbial activity increases by 30% with magnetic field application, leading to more effective nutrient removal.
• Analysis of granule behavior and microbial interactions reveals dual roles of microbial activity and extracellular polymeric substances.
• Findings underline potential advancements in wastewater treatment, emphasizing the need for further exploration in real-world applications.