Ekamoolika Prayoga and Pathya–apathya in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: An Integrative Review

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial endocrine-metabolic disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, menstrual irregularity, insulin resistance, and subfertility. In Ayurveda, PCOS can be correlated with conditions such as Artava Kshaya, Nashtartava, and Vandhyatva involving Kapha–Vata Dushti, Medo Vriddhi, Agnimandya, and Artavavaha Srotorodha. The principles of Ekamoolika prayoga (single-drug therapy) and Pathya–Apathya (wholesome and unwholesome regimens) offer a simple yet rational therapeutic strategy for long-term management. This review critically analyzes ten important Yonishodhaka and Prajasthapana dravyas—Shatavari, Ashoka, Lodhra, Kumari, Guduchi, Haridra, Yashtimadhu, Amalaki, Ksheerakakoli, and Shatapushpa—with supporting classical references and contemporary research evidence. The review highlights their pharmacological relevance in regulating hormonal imbalance, reducing inflammation, improving insulin sensitivity, and restoring menstrual cyclicity. Integrating dietary and lifestyle corrections further enhances therapeutic outcomes. The study concludes that Ekamoolika therapy combined with Pathya–Apathya provides a safe, cost-effective, and holistic approach for PCOS management.