Protocol for a systematic review: Community‐oriented policing's impact on interpersonal violent crime in developing countries

Violence is a global public health problem with complex causes at the individual, family, community and societal levels (World Health Organization WHO, 2002a). Violence can be divided into three broad categories according to the perpetrator of the violent act: interpersonal violence; self-directed violence; and collective violence (WHO, 2002b). This review will focus specifically on the category of interpersonal violence. Worldwide, the direct impact of interpersonal violence is estimated at 1400 deaths per day (WHO, 2002b) and the economic cost is estimated to be between 95 billion and 163 billion per year (Geneva Declaration Secretariat, cited in Willman Liebling Morrison, Ellsberg, Seedat, Van Niekerk, Jewkes, Suffla, Frühling, 2007, 2011). Moreover, scholars argue that western models of community-oriented policing fail to be adaptable to local culture, histories and experiences, and are insensitive to social contexts (Brogden, 2002). Overall, we argue that the histories and structural context of policing in developed and developing countries are so fundamentally different that we plan to include only community-oriented policing interventions that target populations in developing countries. To date there are no published systematic reviews or meta-analyses examining the impact of community-oriented policing in developing countries. This review seeks to establish whether community-oriented policing is a successful strategy to reduce interpersonal violent crime in developing countries. 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